--- title: "IVS 104 basis av value" description: "IVS 104 basis av value för EU banker financing heavy maskiner — anläggning och utrustning kreditobjekt , IVS standards och underlag för kreditobjekt .. Vägledning för banker, leasingbolag och finansbolag." canonical: "https://cendex.group/sv/ivs-varderingsstandarder/ivs-104-basis-av-value" markdown: "https://cendex.group/sv/ivs-varderingsstandarder/ivs-104-basis-av-value.md" type: "term" noindex: false language: "sv" --- # IVS 104 basis av value Topic: [IVS Valuation Standards](/sv/ivs-varderingsstandarder) · Audience: EU banks and maskinfinansiering institutions ## Definition IVS 104 basis of value describes how European banks and maskinfinansiering institutions govern, execute or procure processes related to IVS 104 basis of value when heavy machinery and plant assets secure corporate credit. Unlike generic retail credit topics, this term sits in the intersection of prudential collateral rules, International Valuation Standards (IVS) for plant and equipment, and — increasingly — the EU AI Act where AI supports valuation or credit decision-support. For an excavator, wheel loader, tractor or forestry harvester charged as movable collateral, IVS 104 basis of value is not an abstract compliance label. It shapes how much exposure the bank recognises, how often collateral is revisited, and what evidence survives audit, workout and supervisory review. ## Why it matters for EU banks Equipment finance books are growing as a share of SME and mid-corporate lending. Collateral is physical, depreciating and sensitive to cycle, emissions regulation and regional liquidity. Weak practice around IVS 104 basis of value creates two-sided risk: material undervaluation can deny viable borrowers credit; systematic overvaluation inflates loss-given-default and weakens capital planning under Basel IV. Supervisors expect proportionate, documented collateral governance. CRR Article 210-style monitoring, IVS-defensible valuations and — from August 2026 — proportionate EU AI Act controls form a coherent stack. Equipment desks that treat IVS 104 basis of value as a one-off appraisal checkbox will fall behind institutions that operationalise collateral intelligence across the portfolio. ## Institutional benchmarks Reference figures for IVS 104 basis of value — calibrated to this guide's scope, not generic hub averages. Data is illustrative; map to your exposure tiers, jurisdictions and policy. IVS report completeness 81% IVS 103 checklist Basis of value explicit 90% IVS 104 Approach documented 77% IVS 105 Investigation proportionate 72% Supervisory sample IVS workflow adoption — IVS 104 basis of value Market approach 87% Cost approach 44% Income approach 31% Hybrid / reconciled 57% Illustrative EU maskinfinansiering benchmark · ivs-104-basis-of-value · Q2 2026 IVS element Requirement Common gap QA action Scope Asset boundary Attachments omitted Checklist Basis FMV vs liquidation Unstated Policy Investigation Proportionality Under-inspection EAD matrix Reporting IVS 103 Email valuations Panel standards ## Supervisory and audit perspective Internal audit and supervisory reviews increasingly sample maskinfinansiering files for collateral governance quality — not only at origination but through the life of the facility. Reviewers ask whether IVS 104 basis of value is reflected in written policy, whether investigation level matches exposure, and whether monitoring history exists between formal appraisals. A single IVS-aligned report at drawdown rarely suffices for high-EAD excavator or loader fleets without evidence of interim surveillance. Credit risk validation teams should test whether automated or AI-assisted valuations include override logs, model version control and clear tier separation between indicative outputs and IVS-aligned collateral decisions. Findings from retail AI governance programmes are extending to corporate equipment books where similar decision-support tools are deployed for valuation and creditworthiness assessment. ## Vanliga fallgropar Institutions frequently encounter these gaps when implementing IVS 104 basis of value on tunga maskiner portfolios: - Treating desktop machinery estimates as IVS-aligned collateral values without scope confirmation - Annual-only revaluation on liquid construction classes with volatile auction markets - Using fleet telematics utilisation data as a substitute for marknadsvärde refresh - Ignoring attachment and specification variance within the same model family - Failing to document human override when analysts disagree with model output - Applying uniform advance rates across asset classes with materially different liquidity ### Det som är särskilt för tunga maskiner Faktor Implication for IVS 104 basis of value Meter hours / utilisation Drives remaining economic life Attachments and spec Price variance without registry match Cross-border remarketing Liquidity and forced-sale discounts Stage V / electrification Economic obsolescence in diesel fleets Auction clearance rates Market approach evidence quality ## Regelverk och standarder Relevant frameworks for this topic include: - [IVS 300 Plant and Equipment](https://www.ivsc.org/standards/international-valuation-standards) - [IVS 103 Reporting](https://www.ivsc.org/standards/international-valuation-standards) - [IVS 104 Bases of Value](https://www.ivsc.org/standards/international-valuation-standards) - [IVS 105 Valuation Approaches](https://www.ivsc.org/standards/international-valuation-standards) Cendex lämnar inte juridisk rådgivning. Institutions should map IVS 104 basis of value to their own policies, CRD/CRR transposition and internal risk appetite. For depth, see the pillar paper [IVS 300 Plant & Equipment Bank Implementation](/sv/forskning/ivs-300-plant-utrustning-bank-inforande). ## How Cendex addresses IVS 104 basis of value Cendex is a collateral intelligence platform for maskinfinansiering — inte en bank och inte ett värderingsinstitut. The Valuation Intelligence module supports IVS 104 basis of value by combining IVS-aligned valuation workflows, market comparables, optional Cortex condition intelligence (with human oversight), and portfolio-level monitoring APIs. Förmåga Relevans IVS-aligned reports Defensible FMV for kreditakter Confidence bands Escalation when evidence is thin Portfolio monitoring Drift vs one-off desktop reviews Audit trail Trace ID, model version, sign-off Reference data Make / model taxonomy for tunga maskiner Banks deploy Cendex as decision-support infrastructure. Credit committees retain authority; Cendex supplies repeatable collateral analytics at scale. ## Operativ checklista - Map IVS 104 basis of value to credit policy and collateral procedures - Confirm basis of value (market vs liquidation) per facility type - Define monitoring frequency for high-EAD machine classes - Separate indicative AI outputs from IVS-aligned collateral tier - Link revaluation triggers to LTV and watchlist status - Train underwriters on investigation level and documentation gaps ## Vanliga frågor ### How does IVS 104 basis of value apply to tunga maskiner collateral? Heavy machinery — excavators, loaders, tractors and industrial plant — is movable physical collateral with heterogeneous specs, meter hours and thin secondary markets. IVS 104 basis of value must be interpreted in that context: valuations and monitoring processes should reflect asset class liquidity, condition and cross-border remarketing options, not residential or listed-securities frameworks. ### What should EU banks document for IVS 104 basis of value? Credit files should record valuation basis (typically marknadsvärde under IVS 104), investigation level, comparable evidence, monitoring frequency and any human override rationale. Where AI assists valuation, deployer obligations under the EU AI Act add logging, oversight and tier separation between indicative and IVS-aligned outputs. ### When should ivs 104 basis of value trigger a kreditakt review? Review is warranted at origination, scheduled monitoring intervals, covenant events, material condition change, secondary market shocks and before workout or restructuring. The kreditakt should record which trigger fired and what valuation or monitoring action followed. ### How do internal auditors assess ivs 104 basis of value on equipment books? Auditors sample whether policy covers heavy machinery specifically, whether investigation level matches exposure, whether monitoring history exists between appraisals, and whether AI-assisted tiers have override logs and version control. ### How does ivs 104 basis of value differ for construction vs agricultural equipment? Construction plant (excavators, loaders) and agricultural assets (tractors, harvesters) differ in seasonality, liquidity corridors and condition drivers. Policy should define class-specific comparables, advance rates and monitoring cadence — not a single enterprise-wide default. ### What evidence should workout teams retain for ivs 104 basis of value? Workout files should include origination collateral value, monitoring history, last IVS-aligned basis of value, remarketing feasibility and any human overrides. Gaps between booked collateral and recoverable value should be explicit before enforcement. ## Närliggande ämnen - [IVS 105 valuation approaches](/sv/ivs-varderingsstandarder/ivs-105-vardering-approaches) - [Plant and machinery valuation](/sv/ivs-varderingsstandarder/plant-och-maskinvardering) - [Plant and machinery valuation report](/sv/ivs-varderingsstandarder/plant-och-maskinvardering-rapport) - [Machinery valuation report](/sv/ivs-varderingsstandarder/maskinvardering-rapport) - [Equipment valuation methods](/sv/ivs-varderingsstandarder/utrustning-vardering-metoder) ## Vidare läsning - Pillar: [IVS 300 Plant & Equipment Bank Implementation](/sv/forskning/ivs-300-plant-utrustning-bank-inforande) - Solution: [Banks](/sv/losningar/banker) - Platform: [Valuation Intelligence](/sv/plattform/vardering-intelligence) [För institutioner](/sv/foretag) · Cendex Group AB